Importance of understanding personality in psychology

Importance of understanding psycheality in psychologyIn the field of psychology it is most important to understand the personality of an individual. Personality helps sum up the values, actions, perceptions and behaviour, these earth-closet differ from person to person. There are a number of theories that are cosmos used to understand people and have been around for many years, the five Psychological concepts used are Behaviourist, human-centred, Cognitive, Psychodynamic and the Biological psychology. This assignment will cover ii of the five addresses they are the Behaviourist and Humanistic nestle.Behaviourists primarily focus on peoples observable behaviour, experiences and their learning process to understand individuals. According to behaviourists ones behaviour does non count on what goes on inside the mind and too believe if asked about their feelings it is very likely they could be providing misleading information. They also trust that behaviour is learnt either by i mitation of others or repeating behaviour that has brought an award or a punishment peoples fundamental interaction with the environment. Operant and Classical learn is two theories in spite of appearance the behaviourist theory.Operant conditioning according B.F Skinner (1936) is a learning method that arises through rewarding or punishing one for their behaviour.Classical conditioning which was discovered by Ivan Pavlov (1903) is said to be a learning procedure that is raised by a natural stimulus and an environmental stimulus.Watson and Rayner (1920) did a controlled prove and recorded on videotapes. Watson wanted to take Pavlovs research from animals and test it on humans. This experiment was called Little Albert. Albert was 9 months old when he was tested for reactions towards various stimulis that were presented to him. Albert was shown tweed rat, a rabbit, a dog, a monkey, with masks, cotton wool, and burning newspapers. It was said he showed no apprehension towards the three animals. What Albert did respond negatively to was the loud noise that came from the shaft being struck against a steel bar, Albert cried when he heard it.When Albert was a little over 11months he was tested again in another controlled experiment, he was presented with a whiteness rat and the steel bar was stuck by a hammer, this experiment was carried out 7 times over 7 weeks. When Albert was presented with a white rat, he would burst into tears not only that but Albert only had to see the white rat and he would show every sign of fear towards the white rat. Albert grew to fear the white rat, he also grew a fear for all fury things and the hammer was no longer needed to get Albert crying. (Watson, keister B. Rayner, Rosalie. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14).This classically conditioned experiment was a great success as it proved to be right.Some whitethorn agree believe that the behaviourist approach is more accurate t han the Humanistic approach as it is considered scientific, and there is data that is collected by the researchers that prove to be a success. This approach being classed as scientific tells us that many experiments have been carried out to prove the accuracy of the approach and it has a backbone and isnt on the nose assumptions of what might be going on in the mind and how if influences our everyday behaviour.Pavlov showed existence of the behaviourist approach when he by accidently discovered that the dog produced more saliva when he saw the lab assistant because he had learnt to associate the lab assistant with food.Watson approved of Pavlovs observations and wanted to connect it to human psychology and did so by performing the Little Albert experiment (1920). This experiment being done successfully, may be classed as double confirmation to some as they may believe that human and animals are alike in some sense because they adapt to their environment and learn to behave accordi ng to that environment.The behaviourist theory could be classed as biased. For example Watson and Pavlov conducted their experiment in laboratory conditions which means the Independent variable (IV) was controlled and manipulated by the experimenter to measure the dependent variable (DV). The dependent variable may be accurately measured but its sense of realism has been taken away and very little free will is left.Humanistic psychology could also be referred to as the third force in psychology, its theories that conflict the Behaviourist theories. The humanistic perspectives are more concerned and are interested in how peoples behaviours can be influenced by a persons emotions and thoughts. How one feels and how others see an individual is what they believe shapes peoples behaviour, interested in what goes on internally rather than the external factors. Humanistic approach believes that personality is what shapes human behaviour and comparing it to animals is dehumanising as each i ndividual is unique and does not go by animalistic urges. Each social interaction helps develop ones personality.Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are the main theorists who portray the Humanistic approach.Carl Rogers (1959) has claimed that the meaning of behaviour staple fiberally, is personal. One inescapably to feel appreciated and accepted by their environment and not only that but needs to be surround by people who they can talk to and would listen and understand them, he believed that if people arent surrounded by these social factors then relationships and healthy personalities will not develop. Satisfying yourself by achieving your personal goals, personal wishes and personal desires in life is where self-actualization takes place. He believes that a person can only do this when their ideal self and self imagine is congruent the humanistic term for this is a fully functioning person.Abraham Maslow (1970) created a pecking order of needs pyramid which starts off with one nee ding to satisfy the lower needs before being able to achieve self actualization. The pyramid starts off with the basic needs such as physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness, Esteem needs, then goes on to the growth needs such as cognitive needs, esthetical needs. Once these needs are seen to a person is able to realise the full potential and become everyone one can become.Behaviourist and humanist approach both recognise that humans nature to respond to whatever the situation whether it is internally or externally. Another similarity with the two approaches is they both take dismantle of other individuals and ones experience and relation with them.They have more difference than similarities On one hand the Behaviourist approach does not see peoples ability to mobilize but believe they have the ability to react, just like an animal. On the other hand, for the humanistic, peoples behaviour is believed to relay on being able to fulfil their needs and responsibiliti es, development of ones self and their self awareness.The behaviourists believe what shapes behaviour is ones response to natural stimulis and behaviour can be reshaped using Operant and Classical conditioning. As for the Humanistic beliefs ones behaviour is developed by their social interactions (Family, friends, environment and etc)Humanistic see an individual as unique, every person is unique and have their internal reasons for the behaviour, and do not believe that all behaviour is shaped by external factors comes from within the mind.