Ethical Issues in Diane Company-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Ethical Issues in Diane Company. Answer: Presentation Diane began her counseling business three years prior; she turned out to be effective to such an extent that now she is having a lot of staff working under her with a major customer base. She has a business of offering discussion to organizations about setting up corporate intranets, planning database the board and prompting about security. As of now, she is working for an average size organization to structure the database the executives framework for the faculty office. She included customer in the planning procedure, the CEO and other high ranking representatives alongside Diane needed to choose the security level of the program, as this database incorporated all the significant data identified with organization and its workers, the security framework must be sufficiently able to shield the information from spilling yet for making this solid security arrange the companys financial plan was going above what was normal so the CEO and different authorities chose to diminish the secur ity level, yet Diane was not for this, in light of the fact that by doing this the significant information can be gotten to by any of the companys representative or can be effortlessly hacked by programmers. Presently as indicated by this contextual analysis ought to Diane keep on working for a customer or would it be a good idea for her to stop? Lets relate this contextual investigation with doing the ethic, strategy, this method is a procedure for dissecting moral issue in any situation in spite of the fact that it doesn't guarantee that the final product will be actually what you needed however it will assist you with speculation morally (Derbyshire, 2008). For this situation Diane has taken her business on top by building trust of customers and she has done this by beating the moral issues, she has made an altruism in the market and now, the customer for which she is planning the product has placed her in moral problem, on the off chance that she structures the product with less security, at that point one day or the other it will be hacked and she will ruin her notoriety and the trust which she has made among her customers (Derbyshire, 2008). This is the moral issue which she is confronting, is she plans the product for the organization according to their interest there are chances that she can ruin her generosity and in the event that she doesnt manufacture the product, at that point she will lose one of her customers. Doing ethic method manages different parts of the issue which we will cover in this examination. Investigation utilizing doing ethic procedures Thinking morally doesn't generally work until and except if one has the involvement with moral way of thinking. This procedure isn't restricted to just mechanical or social foundation; it tends to be utilized under any conditions (Palidauskaite, 2011). Doing ethic procedure basically relies upon posing inquiries, and the request where these inquiries are posed is additionally significant. Presently individually we will investigate the contextual analysis premise the inquiries: Whats going on? This is an instance of a woman Diane who has begun a counsel business multi year prior. She got effective and now she is having a lot of staff working under her alongside an enormous customer base. She is into the matter of database structuring and as of now working for an average size organization for which she needs to plan a DBMS. She has included top administration of the organization all the while (Figar and ?or?evi?, 2016). According to Diane, the security framework must be high however high ranking representatives are not for this since it is expanding their expense so they would prefer not to spend much on security part. Presently Diane isn't sure whether she should keep planning the product or not (Figar and ?or?evi?, 2016). In such a case that solid security isn't to work in the application then it tends to be handily hacked by programmers or worker of the organization and it is containing some significant data identified with compensation, protection, and representative in formation. The moral issue which is featured here is, Diane needs to structure programming which doesn't have a solid security framework. Presently in the event that she does this and anything occurs in not so distant future, at that point her generosity will be ruined in the market and on the off chance that she denies and not finishes the product, at that point she will lose one of her significant customers (Goyal and Chowhan, 2012). What are the realities? Diane is structuring a database the board framework for a faculty office of an organization (Goyal and Chowhan, 2012). The data which will be put away in the framework is extremely delicate like execution examination of representatives, clinical protection, compensation subtleties, etc, so according to Diane the security framework for this product must be sufficient. The CEO, the executive of processing and chief work force shows an extremely dormant methodology towards this, as per the security doesn't make a difference they will do if the DBMS planned doesn't have a solid security framework (Lee et al., 2017). In the event that anything incorrectly occurs sooner rather than later, at that point Diane would be considered answerable for every single such shortcoming so on the off chance that Diane wish to keep planning the product for the organization, at that point she ought to set up a disclaimer under which it ought to be obviously referenced that in the event that anything happen s to the product in not so distant future due to security gives then neither she nor her organization will be considered capable (Lee et al., 2017). What are the issues? On the off chance that we experience the case, at that point there are a few issues which must be handled with? Initially, the product which Diane is structuring is made to store delicate data so it ought to have a solid security framework. Furthermore, the high ranking representatives are not all that worried about the security, so there are chances that they will confront extreme repercussion due to this lazy methodology (Fleischmann, 2006). Third, on the off chance that Diane decided to keep planning the product with less security framework, at that point there are chances that it will contrarily affect her and on the off chance that she decided not to proceed, at that point she will lose one of her significant customers. Fourth and the most significant issue is that Diane is maintaining an independent business and has numerous representatives working under her in the event that because of this task anything terrible occurs in future, at that point alongside her, the few represent atives of the organization will likewise endure. Who is influenced? There will be numerous individuals influenced from this first the representatives working in the organization of Diane will be influenced contrarily in such a case that anything incorrectly happens then her altruism will be influenced which will bring about negative exposure because of which her business will be affected alongside her representatives, and in the event that she doesn't go with the organization, at that point her notoriety won't be in question (Fleischmann, 2006). Furthermore, representatives working in the organization for whom the product is to be created, as the high ranking representatives know that there is a proviso in the security framework the representatives who are taking a shot at this product will consistently be under carefulness, a little error and they will be punished. Third comes the partners who have put cash in both the organizations will be influenced (Fleischmann, 2006). Negative exposure of the organizations will lessen the pieces of the pie which will influence the business. Last yet not the least, because of the negative exposure the customers who are managing Diane will lose their trust on her and in future won't manage her organization. What are the moral issues and suggestions? The moral issue for the situation study is when Diane realizes that the product which she is creating is intended to store touchy data and it needs solid security framework at that point how might she consent to the high ranking representatives of the organization who says that their financial plan is surpassing and they will settle on the security part. She has worked for some customers yet as a result of one slip-up she wouldn't like to lose her market notoriety (Fleischmann, 2006). According to Virtue moral hypothesis, Diane isn't of nature in which purposely she will hurt others, she realizes that her choice will straightforwardly affect all the partners and workers associated with her organization. On the off chance that she denies working for the organization, at that point additionally she will be in pressure. By corresponding the other moral issue with the consequentialist hypothesis, it is seen that the customer is running low on cash for which they need to bargain the secur ity of the product (Vaccaro and Madsen, 2009). They realize that on the off chance that they will build their financial plan, at that point it will be repaid by doing cost cutting which will contrarily affect their representatives, however in the event that they don't pick solid security framework, at that point likewise they should confront difficulties in not so distant future. What should be possible about it? There are different choices to tackle the issue, initial one is to expand the financial plan of the venture without influencing any of the individual appended to it. This should be possible by distinguishing the less significant section of the venture and allotting its expense to the most significant fragment of security (Vaccaro and Madsen, 2009). Other choice can be offered access to the product just to the high ranking representatives of the organization with the goal that information can't be abused by any of its workers. The last option could be doing not store any touchy data in the framework if the security can't be solid. What are the choices ? There is a cost limitation in structuring a solid security framework then the organization ought to reallocate the expense of the different fragments of the venture by diminishing the cost designation of the segments which are of less significance and expanding the expense for security, along these lines they can fabricate a product with solid security without influencing any of the individual connected to it. Another choice could be Diane ought to give options in contrast to the customer to structuring solid security framework like all the data which gets went into the product legitimately get put away in the principle server and the representatives who are taking a shot at the framework don't get any entrance to the data (Warren and Lucas, 2016). Thusly a DBMS can be planned inside the spending plan of the organization and with all the security boundaries. The third option could be that the entrance to the DBMS stays just with the high ranking representatives or a portion of the wo rkers who are dependable and just they will be held r

Prospects and growth of the fast food industry

Possibilities and development of the inexpensive food industry Handling the blow of downturn has not been simple for any industry. Its Attack was solid to such an extent that no industry has had the option to spare itself from its belongings. On the off chance that the friendliness business is a proportion of the well off and the rich people groups pockets then the news is terrible for sure. Numerous eateries have went to the divider in the last quarter of 2008.The cafés have been battling with the decrease of corporate engaging and the extra cash crush of buyers too. The eateries and the lodgings, however the bar business has additionally been stroked by various factors in the course of the last multi decade and downturn has squeezed an effectively troublesome exchanging condition. In the expressions of an eminent gourmet expert Dawn Sweeny, Creativity has consistently been a sign of expert culinary experts So to endure the blow of downturn and to deal with this circumstance a Lot of set up cooks are getting in to road distributing of their manifestations all the more productively to individuals who could just dream in their mortar and block structures. Low overheads, low work costs and for the most part money based business is win-win circumstance for some. These versatile kitchen vans are sparing these brand names from biting the dust. The enormous brand names are offering their establishments to the individuals who need to win a decent measure of cash by contributing at once. These vans have all that you need in the kitchen including a wide range of machines and crude material. This food is nearly less expensive as the versatile kitchen eliminates the over heads and the work costs. Road food is turning into an approach to enjoy pre-downturn tastes on post-do wnturn financial plans Simultaneously downturn in the US food industry has making the new open door for the food part in the US. In the as of late discharged research report by RNCOS on US Fast food advertise standpoint 2010even however there is desolate monetary condition in US, the cheap food industry in US is developing quickly as a result of reasonable inexpensive food and expanding number of working populace. As indicated by the report cheap food showcase is required to develop quickly in the coming years and will cross the US$170 billion before the finish of 2010. On account of monetary downturn individuals has decreased their costs of going for supper in the café and inexpensive food for the dispatch. Rather than going in the café they have begun purchasing the food from road food vans which cost them less when contrasted with the eatery food and they can set aside that much cash in this downturn time. This pattern is getting increasingly regular in the urban regions where the interest of pre-stuf fed food and readymade food has expanded on account of the quick existence of their kin. This has become now new pattern there in light of the fact that American individuals needs need to have food which can give moment vitality without burning through additional time and they can likewise manage the cost of that. The new pattern of diversifying the current brands to the versatile trucks is look reviving and another idea in the States. Through the examination will ready to judge that will this pattern will proceed significantly after the time of downturn? Road food is getting well known in the United States and till the date just little scope outlets are driving the pattern, yet now huge food creator have likewise begun to enter the market to jump aboard with this new pattern. The statistical surveying associations Culinary Trend Mapping Report from the Center for Culinary Development (CCD) analyzed the blasting road food pattern, which has seen Americans going after an assortment of helpful, convenient and moderate nourishments, frequently with universally propelled flavors and eco-accommodating readiness (foodnavigator-usa.com). In the ongoing time road food has gotten well known because of an intersection of bigger social patterns, predominantly on account of the financial downturn and the relating requirement for progressively moderate nourishments, developing eating propensities, more prominent enthusiasm for ethnic flavors and in neighborhood, supportable nourishments. 1.2 Purpose This exploration endeavors to add to the investigation of the present possibilities and development of the cheap food industry on the wheel. The Food trucks in the NYC and other portable food trucks began by celebrated eateries have been presented. This exploration expects to discover what was the impact of downturn on the food business and how has it influenced the buyer conduct in such manner. The dietary patterns and the adjustment in the genuine pay have influenced the conduct of the purchasers and thus their recurrence of eating out and their use on food has been influenced. So this exploration will illuminate this change too. With the expectation of investigating the chance of the Food trucks embraced by the eateries that have seen a decrease in the quantity of clients because of downturn, we will likewise concentrate how these trucks are functioning and how would they take into account the necessities of the individuals in the present circumstance. Regardless of whether the ad ministration and the manner in which they are working is extraordinary and how comparable their methods of activities are. Moreover this exploration will contemplate the benefits of the versatile food trucks and on the off chance that they can be an opposition to the traditional style of feasting and eating out. Or then again if these food trucks can add to the brand name of the current eateries and chains that have in any case observed a decrease in their business. 1.3 Development and structure of the examination This examination paper was created in five stages 1. Characterize look into point subject Conversation with manager and investigate potential premiums inside assigned control. 2. Assemble pertinent literary works Start examination in existing writing to find conceivable hole between scholarly research and reality. 3. Create examine structure Build substance of study and plan in like manner. 4. Gather the information and Data investigation Gather every single required datum from various optional sources. Away from of information in consistent consecutive course of action and analyze Validity of gathered data 5. Create end from finding Present finish of this examination and give suggestion to additionally investigate Part 2 Literature Review 2.1 Overview The part initially start by presentation of Food advertise in the USA and impacts of downturn on food market of USA at that point followed by the eatery and cheap food business in USA. Next customers conduct is talked about as for spending on the food. In the last area of this part essentialness of the portable food van and its effect on the opposition is talked about regarding USA. 2.2 Restaurant and Fats food business in USA- Café organizations by and large work to distinguish them self as clients retailers and not as an assembling dinners. Eateries are essentially retailers of two shoppers item time and clients experience (Muller, 1999). Individuals went to the cafés and inexpensive food suppliers to spare their time from making the food and to get fulfillment of their needs. Café is tremendous business in USA where shoppers are less worried about the where dinner is readied, they just worried about the how the food is conveyed and how they feel after feast is finished. While the inexpensive food administration is very surprising they generally worried about structure shopper faithfulness and market mindfulness. There is tremendous distinction between café business and inexpensive food specialist co-ops. Tail and Hout (1990) depicted future monetary rivalry as being founded on a companys responsiveness to the time needs of its client base. Right now, the café business represents four percent of the U.S. GDP and is the countries second biggest manager close to the Federal government (Dumagan and Hackett, 1995). In USA eatery holders are giving more consideration to the developing pattern in the dietary patterns of the individuals. As indicated by the report of the NRI 2001 they have seen seventy five percent increments in the café clients when contrasted with 2001 out of 2003. Indeed, even the ascent of the comfort food in most recent 10 years can be seen by the development of the inexpensive food chain in the United States. The principle explanation for the expansion request of cheap food is these dinners are prepared to eat in a hurry and capacity to hold these food in hands and to eat as indicated by the purchasers opportunity. The fundamental explanation for expanded the development of café and inexpensive food business is diminished in the food costs in the USA. Lakdawalla and Philipson (2002) trait about 40% of the ongoing development in weight to agrarian advancement that has brought down food costs Basically innovative change has made immense commitment in diminished cost of the food cost which in the end gives chance to the eatery and inexpensive food specialist organization to offer the food at less expensive rate and expanded their business development. The investigation draws on information from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) somewhere in the range of 1971 and 1974, the BLS food cost in genuine terms expanded from 1.012 to 1.134, an expansion of 12.04%, trailed by an abatement of 11.02% between the long stretches of 1974 and 1986, when it arrived at a low of 1.009. This is intelligent of the conduct of food costs in that timeframe (Food costs, 2007). Because of diminished in the food costs level of individuals has diminished and consumption on the food away from the home expanded and expanded in average workers individuals is likewise another explanation behind development of the café and inexpensive food business. As per the study information of the province busines s design number of eatery offers full types of assistance expanded to 213550 of every 2006 from 193024 out of 1998 and café which not offer support like cafeteria and bar expanded to 204311 out of 2006 from 172695 of every 1998. Information from the Census of Retail Trade feature the consistent increment in the quantity of full assistance and drive-through eateries since the mid 1970s; somewhere in the range of 1972 and 1997, the quantity of cafés per 10,000 populace expanded 61% from 884 to 1427 (Chou et al., 2004; Rashad et al., 2006). In the quick advancement of the café and cheap food business taking clench hand mover adva

This is where my decisions have taken me

This is where my decisions have taken me “Einen Faden in die Hand nehmen, der in jedem Fall, unter allen Umständen weiterläuft, an dem man sich, wenn es not tut, halten kann…” “To take in one’s hand a thread which continues always and through all circumstances, to which one can hold tight, when necessary…” from Nachdenken über Christa T. (The Quest for Christa T.) by Christa Wolf *         *        * I used to think of decision-making as a complicated optimization problem. There was some quantity I wanted to maximize (say, my happiness, or the good I could do for the world) and would maximize, if I could only be prescient enough to solve for the best combination of choices. Once solved for, I could plan my future by laying these decisions out in front of me; once in place, I could follow them where I wanted to go. So there I was one afternoon at MIT, talking to Dumbledore in his office, outlining the pros and cons of some decision. I guess my anxiety gave away my obsession with getting it all exactly right. Anna, Dumbledore said, Let me tell you a story. One day, as a young man, he got in an elevator. Another person got in the elevator. It was a slow elevator, I suppose, so they had time to talk. That person became a mentor to him, encouraged him to go to graduate school, and the rest is history. That anecdote probably got over-simplified while making a home for itself in my memory. But I think that the moral was this: you can try to micromanage your future, but ultimately you can’t predict or control what will happen to you. Your decisions set the initial conditions, and chance encounters will deflect you. You should work hard so that you’re prepared to take advantage of what comes (like a chatty stranger in an elevator) but that’s fundamentally different from, say, choosing the “right” major or the “right” career. I think that sometimes we reconstruct our paths in our memories so that it all flows logically, but I suspect that there’s more chance and arbitrariness than we’d like to admit. Could I have majored in something else and been just as happy? Probably. Could I have a different job right now and feel just as “right”? Almost certainly. Is that something to agonize over? No. At some point, there’s too much scatter between a set of options for yo u to be able to predict which one is “best.” You narrow things down to a reasonable set, then pick one and run with it. I picked grad school in astronomy. As a result, the contents of the binders on my bookshelf have narrowed in scope. They used to contain arrow pushing diagrams from organic chemistry, notes on plays by Tom Stoppard, and equations describing every conceivable combination of springs and swinging pendulums. Now, it’s all space physics: notes on the fate of stars, on how galaxies form and evolve, on runaway thermonuclear reactions, on the thermal history of the universe. This would horrify undergrad Anna, who was afraid of specialization, the consequence of making decisions. But it feels good to specialize. As a grad student, Im responsible for every detail of a project. I own it, even if goodness knows it wasn’t my idea. When my colleagues grill me on my research, its satisfying because I know the details. I did the details, I am the expert. It’s a kind of high, being so deeply engrossed in a topic. And I get to take this depth with me when I discuss science with the public. Last weekend, I gave a talk for the Santa Monica Amateur Astronomy Society, and the audience asked me questions I couldnt have answered a year or even a few months ago. I answered, and then I answered the follow-up questions, and was surprised to find that I could go deeper and deeper. I’ve found fulfilment in expertise and joy in obsession. Another reward of specialization is the community, united by the kinds of problems you think about or the approaches you take, and even a shared language. When I arrived in Germany (I spent a year there on a Fulbright, after I graduated) I remember thinking to myself that I had to learn two foreign languages: outside work I was surrounded by German, and at work I was surrounded by stellar spectroscopy and galaxy evolution. I had no idea what anyone was talking about, anywhere, anytime. I slowly picked up both languages, and now I find it oddly comforting to hear German, the same way I find it oddly comforting to hear particular astro-lingo. There is a danger in this: you might forget how to speak other languages. It’s eerie to ask someone what they work on and get a response that is technically correct English yet totally incomprehensible. It’s in your interest to be able to effectively translate what you do, to your colleagues and to the source of your funding. And it’s your responsibility to effectively translate what you do to the public, to do what you can to improve science literacy. Earlier this summer, I went to a workshop where the goal was to train graduate students how to effectively communicate their science with the public part of this was reminding ourselves what language we used to speak, before we arrived at our respective specialties. Another danger of specialization is to one’s self esteem. I’m only a year into grad school, but my impression is that an all-consuming occupation like research can sneak its way into becoming the sole way you judge yourself. Research progresses slowly, so the timescales on which you are rewarded are long, and in between you can feel aimless and frustrated. So, its important to pursue hobbies and interests that routinely make you feel happy, on a timescale much shorter than the timescale on which research rewards you. I identified what those pursuits are for me while I was at MIT: engaging with the public about what I do by giving talks,  teaching, volunteering. It’s not that “hard” in the sense that over time I’ve built up a set of materials that I can use over and over again, and I’m not scared of questions because I either know the answer or know how to find it. And it’s always immediately rewarding, and sometimes even deeply rewarding on longer timescales, when I stay in touch with old students and watch them grow. It is harder to pursue other interests now that I’m no longer an undergrad, where anytime I left my room I was bombarded with more interesting things than I could handle (and the interesting things even sneaked their way into my room, via a zillion mailing lists). But I’ve taken strands from MIT in hand, and pulled them with me to grad school. My senior year, I was bummed when the Paradise Lost seminar didn’t fit my schedule, and Prof. Arthur Bahr generously offered to read it with me. After I graduated, Arthur offered to put me in touch with a medievalist at Caltech “whenever you feel like your feet are planted enough to resume thinking about medieval literature.” Now, I have a reading group with this professor and two of my friends (including Becky ’12, another former student of medieval literature at MIT!) We’re making our way through Pearl, a beautiful haunting poem from the 14th century about coming to terms with love and loss. The reason I suggested Pearl is that Arthur wrote an essay (and is maybe even writing a book?) on it. I’m excited to finish the poem, read Arthur’s essay, then write him a note to let him know that Becky and I caught the Medieval Literature bug from him, big time. These other activities give me the chance to climb out of my specialist hole, dust myself off, have a look around, and remind myself what else is out there to be enjoyed and learned. Thats what Im doing right now, writing this at a cafe near Caltech. I’m just starting a new research project, and it’s frustrating to be a beginner again; I felt like I had a handle on my old project, and it’s tempting to hide in that old project forever. But I know that it’s good for me to do something new. And it’s an exciting problem (gravitational waves and merging black holes and radio interferometry, anyone?) but UGH, Ive been banging my head against the wall for the past couple of weeks. So, thanks for the excuse to take a break and blog, Chris. This afternoon, I’ll dive right back in again.

This is where my decisions have taken me

This is where my decisions have taken me “Einen Faden in die Hand nehmen, der in jedem Fall, unter allen Umständen weiterläuft, an dem man sich, wenn es not tut, halten kann…” “To take in one’s hand a thread which continues always and through all circumstances, to which one can hold tight, when necessary…” from Nachdenken über Christa T. (The Quest for Christa T.) by Christa Wolf *         *        * I used to think of decision-making as a complicated optimization problem. There was some quantity I wanted to maximize (say, my happiness, or the good I could do for the world) and would maximize, if I could only be prescient enough to solve for the best combination of choices. Once solved for, I could plan my future by laying these decisions out in front of me; once in place, I could follow them where I wanted to go. So there I was one afternoon at MIT, talking to Dumbledore in his office, outlining the pros and cons of some decision. I guess my anxiety gave away my obsession with getting it all exactly right. Anna, Dumbledore said, Let me tell you a story. One day, as a young man, he got in an elevator. Another person got in the elevator. It was a slow elevator, I suppose, so they had time to talk. That person became a mentor to him, encouraged him to go to graduate school, and the rest is history. That anecdote probably got over-simplified while making a home for itself in my memory. But I think that the moral was this: you can try to micromanage your future, but ultimately you can’t predict or control what will happen to you. Your decisions set the initial conditions, and chance encounters will deflect you. You should work hard so that you’re prepared to take advantage of what comes (like a chatty stranger in an elevator) but that’s fundamentally different from, say, choosing the “right” major or the “right” career. I think that sometimes we reconstruct our paths in our memories so that it all flows logically, but I suspect that there’s more chance and arbitrariness than we’d like to admit. Could I have majored in something else and been just as happy? Probably. Could I have a different job right now and feel just as “right”? Almost certainly. Is that something to agonize over? No. At some point, there’s too much scatter between a set of options for yo u to be able to predict which one is “best.” You narrow things down to a reasonable set, then pick one and run with it. I picked grad school in astronomy. As a result, the contents of the binders on my bookshelf have narrowed in scope. They used to contain arrow pushing diagrams from organic chemistry, notes on plays by Tom Stoppard, and equations describing every conceivable combination of springs and swinging pendulums. Now, it’s all space physics: notes on the fate of stars, on how galaxies form and evolve, on runaway thermonuclear reactions, on the thermal history of the universe. This would horrify undergrad Anna, who was afraid of specialization, the consequence of making decisions. But it feels good to specialize. As a grad student, Im responsible for every detail of a project. I own it, even if goodness knows it wasn’t my idea. When my colleagues grill me on my research, its satisfying because I know the details. I did the details, I am the expert. It’s a kind of high, being so deeply engrossed in a topic. And I get to take this depth with me when I discuss science with the public. Last weekend, I gave a talk for the Santa Monica Amateur Astronomy Society, and the audience asked me questions I couldnt have answered a year or even a few months ago. I answered, and then I answered the follow-up questions, and was surprised to find that I could go deeper and deeper. I’ve found fulfilment in expertise and joy in obsession. Another reward of specialization is the community, united by the kinds of problems you think about or the approaches you take, and even a shared language. When I arrived in Germany (I spent a year there on a Fulbright, after I graduated) I remember thinking to myself that I had to learn two foreign languages: outside work I was surrounded by German, and at work I was surrounded by stellar spectroscopy and galaxy evolution. I had no idea what anyone was talking about, anywhere, anytime. I slowly picked up both languages, and now I find it oddly comforting to hear German, the same way I find it oddly comforting to hear particular astro-lingo. There is a danger in this: you might forget how to speak other languages. It’s eerie to ask someone what they work on and get a response that is technically correct English yet totally incomprehensible. It’s in your interest to be able to effectively translate what you do, to your colleagues and to the source of your funding. And it’s your responsibility to effectively translate what you do to the public, to do what you can to improve science literacy. Earlier this summer, I went to a workshop where the goal was to train graduate students how to effectively communicate their science with the public part of this was reminding ourselves what language we used to speak, before we arrived at our respective specialties. Another danger of specialization is to one’s self esteem. I’m only a year into grad school, but my impression is that an all-consuming occupation like research can sneak its way into becoming the sole way you judge yourself. Research progresses slowly, so the timescales on which you are rewarded are long, and in between you can feel aimless and frustrated. So, its important to pursue hobbies and interests that routinely make you feel happy, on a timescale much shorter than the timescale on which research rewards you. I identified what those pursuits are for me while I was at MIT: engaging with the public about what I do by giving talks,  teaching, volunteering. It’s not that “hard” in the sense that over time I’ve built up a set of materials that I can use over and over again, and I’m not scared of questions because I either know the answer or know how to find it. And it’s always immediately rewarding, and sometimes even deeply rewarding on longer timescales, when I stay in touch with old students and watch them grow. It is harder to pursue other interests now that I’m no longer an undergrad, where anytime I left my room I was bombarded with more interesting things than I could handle (and the interesting things even sneaked their way into my room, via a zillion mailing lists). But I’ve taken strands from MIT in hand, and pulled them with me to grad school. My senior year, I was bummed when the Paradise Lost seminar didn’t fit my schedule, and Prof. Arthur Bahr generously offered to read it with me. After I graduated, Arthur offered to put me in touch with a medievalist at Caltech “whenever you feel like your feet are planted enough to resume thinking about medieval literature.” Now, I have a reading group with this professor and two of my friends (including Becky ’12, another former student of medieval literature at MIT!) We’re making our way through Pearl, a beautiful haunting poem from the 14th century about coming to terms with love and loss. The reason I suggested Pearl is that Arthur wrote an essay (and is maybe even writing a book?) on it. I’m excited to finish the poem, read Arthur’s essay, then write him a note to let him know that Becky and I caught the Medieval Literature bug from him, big time. These other activities give me the chance to climb out of my specialist hole, dust myself off, have a look around, and remind myself what else is out there to be enjoyed and learned. Thats what Im doing right now, writing this at a cafe near Caltech. I’m just starting a new research project, and it’s frustrating to be a beginner again; I felt like I had a handle on my old project, and it’s tempting to hide in that old project forever. But I know that it’s good for me to do something new. And it’s an exciting problem (gravitational waves and merging black holes and radio interferometry, anyone?) but UGH, Ive been banging my head against the wall for the past couple of weeks. So, thanks for the excuse to take a break and blog, Chris. This afternoon, I’ll dive right back in again.

Loving relationships and structure in Young Shen Nong Essay

Mid-term Essay Q2 Cheung Chung Yan Loving relationships and structure in Young Shen Nong In Mr. DungKai-Cheung’s story â€Å"The Young Shen Nong†, not only do the two characters Shen Nong and Lei portray us a fantastic story with a whole series of adventures, but also a romantic and exotic love story that may confuse the readers whether what real love is. In this essay, I attempt to discuss the loving relationships and how they are portrayed in the story by the structure of the text. First, the loving relationship in â€Å"Young Shen Nong† seems to be doubtful and unsure. In Part I of the story, Shen Nong mentioned that Lei carried him after he tried some herbs and fell on the grass, â€Å"Without another†¦show more content†¦The commitment between Shen Nong and Lei is strong. However, with double narrative again, the equilibrium of their lifelong loving relationship is completely destroyed. In Part II, Lei tested Shen Nong but asking him â€Å"If I said I was HIV positive, would you regret sleeping with me?† and Shen Nong responded â€Å"No.† certainly. This made Lei guilty and touched at the same time. However, the test by Lei is actually a sign of insecurity and unstableness.If Lei already felt safe and could depend on Shen Nong, the test is totally unnecessary. It seemed that Shen Nong was the more devoted one and loved unrequitedly compared to Lei. However, the test by Lei is actually a sign of insecurity and unstableness. Ther efore, the equilibrium in Part I is to be broken in Part II to show the disequilibrium of their relationship. Even Shen Nong sounded so confident and devoted to that relationship, it may not be what he expected. Again, Mr. Dung may try to show that in love relationships there will be different tests and difficulties that may break the original harmonies into fragments. Besides from the contrasts in Part I and Part II, there are in fact many similarities in two parts of the story. Towards the ends of both parts of the story, the narrator lost his/ her loved one. In Part I, â€Å"Early next morning I buried Lei at the foot of Mount Guiji. I sat before

A Short Guide to Capitalization

A capital letter is the form of an alphabetical letter (such as A, B, C) used to begin a  proper noun  or the first word in a sentence. A capital letter is an uppercase letter in contrast to lower case. Verb: capitalize. Also known as  majuscule, uppercase, upper-case, block letter, and caps. In classical Greek and Latin writing, only capital letters (also called majuscules) were used. Examples and Observations By the sixth and seventh centuries the various letter forms we now use had been invented . . .. From the ninth century on all writing in the Latin alphabet, in whatever style or hand, used capital and small-letter pairs as we do now.(Thomas A. Sebeok, Current Trends in Linguistics, 1974)A capital is always used for the first letter of a sentence. It is a universal rule. But the same cannot be said for the capitalization of names or proper nouns. Style varies wildly between--and even within--publications such as national newspapers and magazines. Apply commonsense rules. All names of people and places--Peter Cook, Paraguay, Piccadilly Circus--take capitals. All titles of specific works of art--Citizen Kane, the Mona Lisa, Beethovens Fifth Symphony, Anna Karenina--take a capital. Languages and nationalities--English, the French--take capitals. Institutions--the Houses of Parliament, the White House, the Anglican Church--take capitals. Days, months and formally defined periods of histor y--Monday, February, the Middle Ages--take capitals. . . .Words deriving from proper names usually take a capital--as Christian from Christ and Marxist from Marx. But some such words, known as eponyms, have come into everyday use and no longer take a capital.(Ned Halley, Dictionary of Modern English Grammar. Wordsworth, 2005)She laid the folded newspaper on the counter between us, and my eye caught the words DISASTER, FAILURE and CRASH.(Eva Figes, Nellys Version. Secker Warburg, 1977) Trends in Capitalization I am a poet: I distrust anything that starts with a capital letter and ends with a full stop (Antjie Krog)Times have changed since the days of medieval manuscripts with elaborate hand-illuminated capital letters, or Victorian documents in which not just proper names, but virtually all nouns, were given initial caps (a Tradition valiantly maintained to this day by Estate Agents). A look through newspaper archives would show greater use of capitals the further back you went. The tendency towards lowercase, which in part reflects a less formal, less deferential society, has been accelerated by the internet: some web companies, and many email users, have dispensed with capitals altogether.(David Marsh and Amelia Hodsdon, Guardian Style, 3rd ed. Guardian Books, 2010)If in doubt use lower case unless it looks absurd.(The Economist Style Guide. Profile Books, 2005) The Lighter Side of Capital Letters He believed in a door. He must find that door. The door was the way to . . . to . . .The Door was The Way.Good.Capital letters were always the best way of dealing with things you didnt have a good answer to.(Douglas Adams, Dirk Gentlys Holistic Detective Agency. Pocket Books, 1987) Carol Fisher: This is Scott ffolliott. Newspaperman, same as you. London correspondent. Mr. Haverstock, Mr. ffolliott.Scott ffolliott: With a double f.Johnny Jones: How do you do?Scott ffolliott: How do you do?Johnny Jones: I dont get the double f.Scott ffolliott: Theyre at the beginning, old boy. Both small fs.Johnny Jones: They cant be at the beginning.Scott ffolliott: One of my ancestors had his head chopped off by Henry VIII, and his wife dropped the capital letter to commemorate the occasion. There it is.Johnny Jones: How do you say it, like a stutter?Scott ffolliott: No, just straight fuh.(Laraine Day, George Sanders, and Joel McCrea in Foreign Correspondent, 1940)

Drug Addiction And Behavioral Or Process Addictions

There are many different types of addiction that people become dependent on and they are devoted to it. There are 2 main categories of addiction, which are substance-related addiction and behavioral or process addictions. There are 2 main types of addiction, which are physical is when a person s body is reliant on something after a while a person’s body can crave it and then there re psychological addictions which is when someone craves something so that is changing their mood and feelings. According to Wikipedia, addiction is â€Å" a state characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequence†. When becoming addicted it is being reliant on a certain substance or an activity, physically and mentally. When addicted you feel as if you need to have it and are unable to stop taking it. Substance abuse or misuse is when you are dependent on a certain substance, most common substances are alcohol and drugs. When misusing substances it affect s a person’s physical and mental health and their social responsibilities. According to Royal Canadian Mounted Police, the definition of alcohol is, that alcohol is a flammable liquid whose principal ingredient is ethanol . Studies show that teens have lower tolerance levels than adults when it comes to alcohol, and that females have lower tolerance levels than males when it comes to alcohol. Alcohol addiction is also known as alcoholism or alcohol dependence and it is an illness. When a person suffersShow MoreRelatedSubstance Use Disorder ( Sud )948 Words   |  4 Pagesfew decades. The alarming incline to drug related and co-occurring maladaptive behaviors has created a dedicated science to better understand and define this problematic situation. Definition allows the therapeutic process to evolve around the symptomatic problem in order to deliver the hope of recovery. Social stigmas often view drug abuse and addiction as one in the same, but when viewed by the clinician, they take on an important role in defining treatment. Drug abuse is viewed as a reo ccurring useRead MoreThe Treatment Of Heroin And Opiate Addiction1657 Words   |  7 PagesToday, in society, there has been a huge rise in the amount of deaths due to heroin overdose and addiction. Heroin and opiate addiction is something that needs to be recognized within our society in order to help protect one another. In this essay, I will explore the different methods of treatment, health insurance issues, and how the addicts affect the society. Information involving treatment for heroin and opiate addicts needs to be more prevalent in society because we do not hear much about howRead MoreDrug Addiction : Neuro Behavioral Approach1048 Words   |  5 PagesDrug addiction: Neuro-Behavioral Approach ChanMee Bae University of Washington, Seattle PSYCH 448F Autumn2015 Abstract In this paper, I am going to summarize how chronic drug use affects the function of the brain and how this leads to the aberrant behavioral manifestations of addiction. (Volkow Li, 2005) A view of drug addiction has been changed from the ‘choices’ of the addicted individuals to the dysfunction of brain. The drug addiction may be regarded as the disease of the brain reward systemRead MoreIntroduction to Addictions and Substance Use Disorders Essay646 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction to Addictions and Substance Use Disorders Cognitive-Behavioral Models The cognitive behavioral models say that incentives make way for the right conditions for the need for drug abuse. Drug use is associated with experiences such as self-exploration, religious insights, altering moods, escaping boredom or despair, enhancing creativity, performance, sensory experience or pleasure, and so on (Capuzzi Stauffer, 2012). Cognitive behaviorism has brought in appreciated data at the sameRead MoreThe Addiction Should Be Defined1407 Words   |  6 PagesFirst, addiction should be defined. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, addiction is defined as, â€Å"The state or condition of being dedicated or devoted to a thing, esp. an activity or occupation; adherence or attachment, esp. of an immoderate or compulsive kind.† Now with this definition, it seems like people can be addicted to just about anything. That being said, there are two main types of addictions; behavioral and substance. Behavioral addiction is defined by the American Addiction Cente rsRead Morecrisis intervention final paper on addiction1553 Words   |  7 PagesJohnson Crisis Intervention April 10th, 2015 â€Å"The Crisis of Addiction† One of the longest ongoing issues in the world today is addiction. Unlike some of the other examples of crisis, this has been a problem since the beginning of time. Alcohol is the most commonly used, abused, and also the easiest of addictive substances toRead MoreDrugs -Tolerance,Dependence,Addiction and Treatment1184 Words   |  5 PagesDrugs -Tolerance,Dependence,Addiction and Treatment. There can be a great deal of confusion surrounding the words addiction, physical dependence, and tolerance. People will use these words as if they are referring to the exact thing, but there is a significant difference between them . Misunderstandings about these terms can not only be confusing for the general public but also many in the medical profession. 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I will examine reasons why certain people are more susceptible for developing an addiction. Also, I will determine why many addicts deny their problems and many recovery methods addicts use to fight their illness. Researching these issues, will help aid my claim that addiction is a diseaseRead MoreAddiction Is The Most Common Addiction991 Words   |  4 PagesAddiction is more of a condition than a disease, and can be considered to be a behavioral disorder that stems from personal choice. Addiction is a controversial issue, and many people debate on whether addiction is seen as a disease or a personal choice. There has been many studies that have proven addiction to be a disease that stems from personal choice. Addiction is a chronic brain disease that causes habitual drug use ( Drug abuse, 2012). Over time the brain changes, and the person who is addicted

Three Eras of Communication free essay sample

This paper will explain the nature of three eras of communication as reflected in a specific example taken from very recent, contemporary times. The following paper discusses the Three Eras of Communication,? that Sarah Russell Hankins? talks about in her essay. According to her essay, three eras of communication can be divided roughly as existing in three distinct eras or forms of idea transmission. The author discusses the primary orality era, the literary era and the secondary literary orality. From the paper: The second of these eras is that of the secondary or literary era of communication. To a certain extent, to call this era secondary is disingenuous, as many cultures, such as that of the early Celtic culture in Ireland, never moved onto a literary form of communication, and obviously oral transmission occurs on a daily basis in literate cultures. However, Hankins point is that the introduction of literacy changes the nature of both written and oral communication, as well as introducing a new venue for that communication. We will write a custom essay sample on Three Eras of Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This era moves stretches through the invention of the first alphabet to the introduction of the printing press in the Middle Ages.

Lights and Sounds Museum Essay Example

Lights and Sounds Museum Essay â€Å" The trip on February 10 , 2011 to Lights and Sounds was very educational and was very fun . The parts about Jose P. Rizal were very interesting and I learned a lot about his life. There were two parts that scared me the most . First , was the one where we saw the characters of Noli Me Tangere and El Felibusterismo . What scared me there was Sisa , because of her laugh( while she cried ) and how she moved . The second thing that scared me was at the last part when we entered the room the lights went of and we could only hear voices . I’m so glad I’ve gotten over it easily . I’ve also seen how big Intramuros is just by looking at it’s model . Although, there were parts I didn’t quite understand . At the end of the tour we all sat down on the floor to watch a video and at the end of that video the doors were opened by a soldier . The light sort of blinded our eyes. I think it was because we spent time in the dark for an hour. I had a laugh with my friends about that part . All the lessons I’ve had since Grade Four started coming back to me . It was like a review for us . I’ve also learned more details to Jose Rizal’s life . My classmates and I enjoyed the trip going there because we got to spend it together . It was our last field trip in CCWB . I’m so glad to have went there and I feel like I want to go back this time with my family . We will write a custom essay sample on Lights and Sounds Museum specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lights and Sounds Museum specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lights and Sounds Museum specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

A Stage Model for Transitioning to Kam Essays

A Stage Model for Transitioning to Kam Essays A Stage Model for Transitioning to Kam Essay A Stage Model for Transitioning to Kam Essay A stage model for transitioning to KAM Iain A. Davies, University of Bath, UK* Lynette J. Ryals, Cran? eld School of Management, UK Abstract This paper investigates the under-researched area of key account management (KAM) implementation through a systematic review of the literature, syndications with a panel of industry exemplars, and a survey investigating how organisations implement KAM. Through this we identify a stage model that identifies not only how companies currently transition to KAM in practice, but also suggests how they could improve their chances of success in transitioning to KAM. We demonstrate the fundamental elements of a KAM programme and the extent to which companies feel KAM has met their pre-implementation expectations. Keywords Key Account Management, Strategic Account Management, Sales management, Industrial marketing, Implementation INTRODUCTION Key Account Management (KAM) has emerged, over the last 30 years, as one of the most significant trends in business-to-business marketing practice (Abratt and Kelly 2002; Homburg et al. 2002). It focuses on adding value to relationships and creating partnerships with a company’s most important and strategic customers (Ewart 1995; McDonald et al. 2000). The emergence of KAM has been driven in companies of all sizes by an increase in large, powerful, global, centralised purchasing customers becoming the norm across multiple industries; KAM provides our current best model for servicing these customers (McDonald et al. 997). Despite the rapid growth in the use of KAM by companies, research into the process of KAM implementation and how companies transition from traditional sales to KAM orientation has been scarce (Kempeners and Hart 1999; Napolitano *Correspondence details and biographies for the authors are located at the end of the article. JOURNAL OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT, 2009, Vol. 25, No. 9-10, pp. 1027-1048 ISSN0267-257X print /ISSN1472-1376 online  © Westburn Publishers Ltd. doi: 10. 1362/026725709X479354 1028 JMM Journal of Marketing Management, Volume 25 1997; Sengupta et al. 997; Wengler et al. 2006; Zupanic 2008). This is a gap that urgently needs to be filled. Without some agreement about which approaches to KAM implementation work (and which do not work, called for by Zupanic 2008), there is a danger that companies will continue to struggle or even fail to implement KAM appropriately (Homburg et al. 2002; Napolitano 1997). In this paper we use empirical evidence to develop a cross-industry stage model of how companies transition to KAM, including what elements of a KAM programme they implement through this process and the success this has led to. We identify the elements of KAM implementation programmes through an in-depth systematic review of the literature. Using a survey based on this input we investigate 204 companies with explicit, formal KAM programmes and build a model of the key principles important to KAM implementation over time. A syndicate of seven leading companies was also used in isolation of the results of the survey to add context and analytical input. The synergy between the two methods provides a robust and original contribution to both KAM practice and literature. KEY ACCOUNT MANAGEMENT The emergence of relationship marketing in the late 1980s led to a growing interest in getting and keeping customers through relationship management (e. g. Christopher, Payne and Ballantyne 1991; Gronroos 1994, 1997; Sheth and Parvatiyar 1995; Aijo 1996; Gummesson 1997). Relationship marketing was extended and developed during the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in business-to-business markets where formalised programme s of customer management have gained increasing importance including: national account management (Shapiro and Moriarty 1980, 1982, 1984a, 1984b; Stevenson 1980, 981; Tutton 1987; Wotruba 1996; Weilbacker and Weeks 1997; Dishman and Nitze 1998); major account management (Barrett 1986; Colletti and Tubridy 1987); and, more recently, to manage the most strategically important relationships of the business, KAM (Wilson 1993; Pardo, Salle and Spencer 1995; Millman and Wilson 1995, 1996, 1998; McDonald, Millman and Rogers 1997; Abratt and Kelly 2002; Homburg et al. 2002) or even Global Account Management (Yip and Madsen 1996; Millman 1996; Millman and Wilson 1999; Holt 2003). For ease of use we will continue to use the acronym KAM to refer to these related bodies of work. KAM is a systematic process for managing business-to-business relationships that are of strategic importance to a supplier (Millman and Wilson 1995). It first emerged as a response to the pressures placed upon supplier companies by globalisation, increasing customer power, procurement sophistication and the need to find new ways to work with the most important customers (Pardo 1997; Wengler et al. 2006). It involves the adoption of collaborative ways of working with customers rather than traditional transactional and adversarial relationships (McDonald Woodburn 2007). Therefore it represents a fundamental change in the way companies operate their sales and marketing functions, not leading to a tactical shift in operations, but a more broad ranging change management programme (Storbacka et al. 2009). Studies in the early 2000s found a substantial concentration of supplier business into a decreasing number of key accounts, and that the service demands of such key accounts were increasing (Gosman and Kelly 2000, 2002). The ability to extract better service levels and, possibly, lower prices from suppliers meant that the benefits Davies and Ryals A stage model for transitioning to KAM 1029 to the customer of being given preferential treatment are clear and indeed there is evidence that customers may demand or instigate KAM amongst their suppliers for such reasons (Brady 2004; Homburg et al. 2000; Wengler et al. 2006). Therefore close collaborative relationships with suppliers are thought to yield between 10% and 100% more value than less collaborative nes for the customer (Hughes Weiss 2007). The benefits of KAM to the suppliers are less clear-cut, since customers may try to â€Å"bargain away† benefits in the form of lower prices (Kalwani and Narayandas 1995) sometimes resulting in relationships with the largest customers becoming unprofitable for suppliers (e. g. Cooper and Kaplan 1991; Reinartz and Kumar 2002). Napolitano (1997) goes as far as to suggest that the majority KAM programmes a ppear ineffective as a result. This shows that the benefits to suppliers of KAM are not automatic and require careful management. Although evidence exists that long-term relationships with larger customers can pay off for suppliers through higher revenues and faster growth rates (Bolen and Davis 1997), even where power asymmetries are considerable (Narayandas and Rangan 2004), we still lack a clear generalisable view of how companies implement KAM, and the respective levels of success this achieves (Kempeners Hart 1999; Sengupta, Krapfel and Pusateri 1997; Wengler et al. 2006). We therefore explore this in our next section. IMPLEMENTING KEY ACCOUNT MANAGEMENT There is limited research on how KAM is implemented. A few scholars have attempted synthesis of the existing research to form frameworks and surveys for further research on KAM implementation (Homburg, et al. 2002; Wengler et al. 2006; Zupanic 2008) and a similar process has been undertaken for this paper. Table 1 (overleaf) represents a synthesis of the elements that the literature suggest firms implement as part of their formal KAM programmes. Broadly speaking, these elements represent the core components to most KAM implementations, with suppliers doing more or less of certain activities at different stages of the KAM programme’s life cycle. In Zupanic’s (2008) synthesis the elements of KAM are separated into the activities of the individuals within the organisation (Operational KAM) and those at the organisational level (Corporate KAM). Although a neat separation, the activities of the individual in a formal KAM program are likely to be driven from an organisational level decision and as such we have not separated these out in our analysis because we are interested in what the organisation is attempting to implement. Furthermore, we have not differentiated the elements of KAM based on the A-R-A model (Activities – Resources – Actors) as undertaken in the seminal work by Homburg et al. (2002), because we are interested in the elements of KAM that companies are implementing, rather than the artefacts or interested parties which result from implementation. This is a fundamental difference in how we look at KAM in this paper compared to both Homburg et al. (2002) and Zupanic (2008). We are investigating KAM as an ongoing transitioning process rather than the pre-existing, fully implemented programme assumed in these previous works. For instance, of the eight typologies which result from the Homburg, et al. (2002) synthesis and survey, only two types of KAM [1] Top management KAM and 4) Cross-functional dominant KAM] represent effective KAM programmes and there is little explanation of what these KAM programmes are like or how the organisations achieved them. 1030 JMM Journal of Marketing Management, Volume 25 TABLE 1 Elements of KAM implementation in the literature Elements of KAM Implementation Senior manager buy-in Papers Brady 2004; Homburg et al. 002; Montgomery et al. 1998; Napolitano 1997 Napolitano 1997; Workman et al. 2003; Yip and Madsen 1996 McDonald et al. 2000 Description Manger buy in is necessary for success Increased overall knowledge of KAM improves A pioneer often pushes KAM through the organisation Company wide knowledge of KAM A KAM Champion Active involvement of top management in KAM An organisational culture that supports KAM Napolitano 1997; Millman and Manger buy in and active Wilson 1999 ; Workman et al. involvement is necessary for 2003 success Homburg et al. 002; Millman and Wilson 1999; Pardo 1999; Workman et al. 2003 Culture is one of the three biggest influences on KAM implementation in MW and HWJ discuss espirit de corps Espirit de corps Everyone in the organisation understanding KAM Defined key account selection criteria Homburg et al. 2002; Brady 2004; Reisel et al. , 2005; Workman et al. , 2003; Yip and Madsen, 1996 Gosselin and Bauwen 2006; McDonald et al. 2000; Ojasalo 2001; Spencer 1999; Wong 1998 Gosselin and Bauwen 2006; McDonald et al. 2000; Ojasalo, 2001 Customer portfolio matrix Clearly identified key accounts Individual key account plans Identify those accounts that are growth attractive McDonald et al. 2000; Ojasalo, Each account should be 2001; Ryals and Rodgers, planned separately to ensure 2007 appropriate service Evaluation procedure in KAM is lacking Social exchanges such as KAM can provide competitive benefits Strategic relationship can lead to mutual investment Look at the lifetime value of customers Evaluation procedure in KAM is lacking Cont’d A well developed Napolitano 1997 feedback process with key customers Joint activities with key accounts Joint investment with key accounts A business case for KAM Targets for key accounts Koka and Prescott 2002; Workman et al. , 2003 Koka and Prescott 2002; Ojasalo, 2001 Reinartz and Kumar 2000, 2002 Napolitano 1997 Davies and Ryals A stage model for transitioning to KAM 1031 Elements of KAM Implementation Benchmarking against other organisations for KAM Measurement of the performance of the KAM programme Appointed Key Account Managers Fully trained Key Account Managers Papers Napolitano 1997 Description Evaluation procedure in KAM is lacking Evaluation procedure in KAM is lacking Skill sets for KAMs are different to those in sales Montgomery et al. 1998; Napolitano 1997; Ojasalo, 2001 McDonald et al. 1997; Weeks and Stevens 1997 McDonald et al. 1997; Ojasalo Skill sets for KAMs are different to those in sales 2001; Shetcliffe 2004; Weeks and Stevens 1997; Yip and Madsen 1996 Alonzo 1996; Guenzi and Pardo 2007; Arnett et al. 005 Clear move since the mid1990’s towards teams of sales and account managers Account managers are usually rewarded with higher salary and less bonus KAM organisations should be differently structured to Sales organisations formalised arrangements for accounts lead to improved co-ordination Key accounts are better served and therefore the managers need influence over gaining the necessary service levels Key account should get higher service levels Key account should get higher service levels KAM teams Specific motivation and Ryals and Rodgers 2006a; reward schemes for Weilbaker 1999 Key Account Managers Changes in organisational structure to accommodate KAM Coletti and Tubrity 1987; McDonald et al. 1997; Millman and Wilson 1996; Pardo 1999 Established policies Gosselin and Bauwen 2006; and procedures for McDonald et al. 2000; Senn handling key accounts 1999 Key Account Managers having good access to internal resources Ojasalo 2001, 2002; Workman et al. 003; Ryals and Humphries 2007 Differentiated and higher service levels for key accounts IT support for KAM Workman et al. 2003; Ivens and Pardo 2007 Brady 2004; Ojasalo 2001; Workman et al. 2003 The other six typologies [2) Middle management KAM; 3) Operating level KAM; 5) Unstructured KAM; 6) Isolated KAM; 7) Country Club KAM; 8) No KAM] represent either highly inefficient KAM (typologies 2, 3, 5 and 6) or are not a formal KAM programme (Typologies 7 and 8). This may be an artefact of the sampling method because only 9% of the respondents were actually Key Account Managers (Kams), but this still leaves us with little understanding of how companies could implement KAM better, or move from one of these inefficient models to a better performing, more robust model. Wengler et al. (2006) provide us with a detailed exploration of some of the 1032 JMM Journal of Marketing Management, Volume 25 rationales for companies implementing KAM, as well as a limited exploration of what the programmes can look like. Indeed Wengler et al. (2006) indicate this same tendency to view KAM implementation as a long transitioning process when they suggest â€Å"Implementing Key Account Management thus requires a lot of coordination effort and intensity (Moon and Gupta 1997) and often seems to be a long-lasting, laborious process† [p. 108]. They are also able to identify that companies are utilising customer prioritisation processes, changing the role of Kams in the organisation and defining different levels of responsibility for the KAM programme. However their low respondent numbers (only 49 respondent companies had actually implemented KAM) and limited exploration of the different elements of KAM still leave us with few generalisable indicators of how companies transition from sales-led to KAMled organisations. This considerable gap in the previous research is explored in this paper RESEARCH APPROACH AND METHOD To meet our exploratory research objective of understanding how companies transition to KAM we developed a 7-point Likert scale survey applicable across industries based on the literature summarised in Table 1. We specifically targeted companies with existing formal KAM programmes and sought information around three research questions: Why they implemented KAM; to what extent the elements of a KAM programme were implemented; and, how successful their KAM programme had been. The aim was to gain broad insight across multiple industries. For a field of research in its third decade it is surprising that the KAM literature has still produced few generalisable empirical insights. The majority of the extant literature is conceptual (Cheverton 2008; Ojasalo 2001, 2002; Pardo et al. 2006; Piercy and Lane 2006a+b; Ryals and Holt, 2007 etc. ), with the majority of empirical work preferring case studies (Helander and Moller 2008; Natti et al. 2006; Rogers and Ryals 2007; Ryals and Humphries 2007; Spencer 1999) or interviews (McDonald, Millman and Rogers 1997; Pardo 1997; Zupancic 2008), which, although useful for building rich context and new insights, offer little in the way of generalisability. Much of the existing quantitative research, as summarised in Table 2, suffers in terms of generality due to small sample sizes (most too small to use with ANOVA, MANOVA, SEM or LCM packages effectively without data augmentation through bootstrapping), and surprisingly few studies actually investigate key account managers (Kams), preferring to focus on customers or colleagues to gain insights. Both of these could be explained through the difficulty in identifying Kams within organisations because: they rarely have KAM in their title, are few in number compared to their sales or marketing equivalents, and are sometime not well known within their own organisation as distinct from either of these two groups. Problems of this sort affected earlier pilots of this study and to overcome this we targeted Kams specifically through executive education programmes, as did Guenzi et al. (2007, 2009), McDonald et al. 1997), Montgomery et al. (1998), Ryals and Rogers (2007) and Wengler et al. (2006). The survey sample comprised attendees at a series of KAM-specific executive educational programmes, making it a highly purposive sampling method. To gain a large enough sample size the data took 3 years to collect; analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests between the years of collection suggested no significant differences Davies and Ryals A stage model for transitioning to KAM 1033 TABLE 2 Summar y of quantitative studies in KAM Authors Guenzi, Georges Pardo Ivens Pardo Ivens Pardo Ryals Rogers Guenzi, Pardo Georges Gosselin Bauwen Wengler, Ehret Saab Reisel, Chia, Maloles Arnett, Macy Wilcox Homburg, Workman Jr. , Jensen Georges, Laurent; Eggert, Andreas Workman, Homburg Jensen Abratt Kelly Homburg, Workman Jr. , Jensen Montgomery, Yip Villalonga Sengupta Krapfel Sharma Year Survey’s target Sample Size 127 297 297 37 127 115 91** 353 60 385 102 385 190 385 191 176 109 % of Which KAMs 100% 0% 0% 43% 100% 100%* 1 8. % 0% 50% 9%†  0% 9%†  48% 9%†  0%†¡ 100% 0% 2009 KAMs 2008 Purchasers 2007 Purchasers 2007 International companies + customers 2007 KAMs 2006 Account Managers 2006 Sales Engineers 2005 Operations 2005 Selling teams 2002 Head of Sales Organisation 2003 Purchasers 2003 Head of Sales Organisation 2002 KAMs and Customers 2000 Head of Sales Organisation 1998 Senior International Execs. 1997 NAMA members 1997 Purchasers 100% is assumed as the actual figures are unreported, the evidence shown elsewhere however may suggest this assumption is in error ** Only 54% actually had a KAM programme †  49% of the sample were Sales and Marketing VPs indicating a responsibility for KAM, however 171 (45% of the sample) had no formalised KAM Programme according to the results of the Homburg et al. , 2000 paper. †¡ GAM survey with only 136 reported using GAM between collection years. Over the 3 years a total of 286 delegates attended these events and 212 surveys were returned, eight of these indicated they did not yet have a formal KAM programme leaving 204 usable surveys (71. 3% response rate). Surveys were handed out before the commencement of the course to be completed during registration and collected as the course began, to minimise the impact of the course on the responses (Table 3, overleaf, shows descriptive statistics for the respondents). 1034 JMM Journal of Marketing Management, Volume 25 TABLE 3 Descriptive statistics on respondents Number Region of companies UK North America Northern Europe Southern Europe Middle East and North Africa Australasia Industry Service Professional Financial Service Industrial Complex Manufacture Manufacture Unknown Years in Sales/KAM 1-5yrs 6-10yrs 10-15yrs 15-20yrs 20-25yrs 25-30yrs Years of KAM Programme 6 48 48 41 49 18 204 49 63 40 36 12 4 204 77 46 53 28 204 113 22 38 18 9 4 204 DATA TESTING AND ANALYSIS A second method was used to add greater depth and clarity to our definitions and understanding of transitioning to KAM through a year-long syndication with senior representative of seven mixed-industry companies with a strong track record of KAM (although not identified in this research for reasons of commercial sensitivity, some of these companies have previously been used as exemplars in other scholars work, including Yip and Bink 2007; Ryals and McDonald 2008 and Eccles et al. 2009). All were companies with established KAM programmes and they cooperated with the principle aim of identifying a process for implementing KAM that could be transferable across industries. They provided a 5-phase model of implementation running through Scoping KAM (Yr 1), Introducing KAM (Yr 2), Embedding KAM Davies and Ryals A stage model for transitioning to KAM 1035 (Yrs 2-4), Optimising KAM (Yrs 4-6), and Best Practice / Continuous Improvement (Yrs 6 and over). They were adamant that, across all their industries, it takes at least this long to have a properly-established KAM rogramme and that, especially in the later years, re-engineering KAM was always needed. They did however admit that the Scoping KAM period is a theoretical â€Å"ought to happen† stage as, in reality, it happens in parallel with, or even after, implementation. We therefore merge Scoping and Introducing KAM phases and show them as one initial 2 year Introducing KAM phase. These insights were used to segmen t data for analysis purposes and provide structure for demonstrating the process of transitioning to KAM. Analysis was conducted using mean comparison tests to identify differences between groups within the data. ANOVA assumes normality of data, which rarely occurs with Likert scales. Kolmogorow-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk normality tests demonstrated that 18 of the 25 elements of KAM distributions were probably not normal, mostly cause by -/+ kurtosis. However, visual inspection of the Normal QQ diagrams suggest that 20 of the elements appeared evenly distributed and 16 of the items passed the Levene test, again suggesting fairly even distribution. Bearing all these in mind we conducted and compared both Kruskal-Wallis H nonparametric and Games-Howell Post-Hoc ANOVAs as they both have reduced distribution assumptions. We found almost unilateral agreement between the two tests so report the more powerful and more easily interpreted Games-Howell Post-Hoc ANOVA. RESULTS The first important result from the data was the lack of significant differences based on industry. We found the only major area of difference amongst the four industry groups was in relation to how successful the respondents thought their companies were at KAM, with the professional and financial services companies rating themselves significantly higher and manufacturers significantly lower than the other groups. This suggests that at least the elements of KAM are similar across industries. The main area of difference however emerged when we segmented the data based on the timescales suggested by our transitioning syndicate, breaking the data into four groups based on the age of their programme (Table 4 shows the Games-Howell results for the elements of the KAM programme and Table 5 shows the success measures). We discovered that, as the syndicate had indicated, there was a general progression of gearing up and implementing, rejuvenating and expanding the KAM programme which provide a statistically significant ifference between groups in the different stages of transitioning to KAM. On the vast majority of scales the companies were implementing elements of KAM at a noticeably increasing rate over the life span of the programme. This indicates that, firstly, the programme takes many years to put in place and, secondly, that there is a progression through the different elements the organisation focuses on in each stage. Figure 1 synthesises what the syndicate said and what the data represent about the transition to KAM. Figure 1 (overleaf) shows KAM to be relatively slow to take off when introduced but then builds up rapidly during the Embedding and Optimising stage before slowing into a process of Continual Improvement. We also see this pattern replicated in Table 4 (overleaf) where the extent to which companies are implementing different elements of KAM is limited all the way up to the end of year two, but then begins to rise rapidly, before slowing after six years. The best example of this is Senior manager 1036 JMM Journal of Marketing Management, Volume 25 FIGURE 1 Transitioning to KAM summary High Revise program to new knowledge Restructure org. and processes Involve top Mgt. Redefine program Become customer centric Rejuvenate program Become more selective Expand knowledge in org. Continuous Improvement Capability Gear up Locate Champion Build the case Appoint KAMs Define KA’s Introducing KAM 1 2 Embedding KAM 3 4 Time (yrs) 5 6†¦ Train specialist KAMs Indiv customer plans . Targets and Measurement Optimising KAM Low buy-in (4th from bottom) where the average extent of buy-in within Introducing KAM companies is relatively low, before a significant (at the

Apply structural andinstitutional explanationsof the behaviorof Essay

Apply structural andinstitutional explanationsof the behaviorof AustriaHungary until 1914 - Essay Example Austria was a quasi-independent state in the Middle Ages within the Holy Roman Empire. The Habsburgs inherited the crown of Hungary with part of the Kingdom preserved from the Ottomans. The Ottomans were driven out of Hungary in 1669. Austria and Hungary were a personal union from1526 to 1848 under the Habsburgs (Fromkin, pp.11-16). Taking into consideration the status of the Hungarian Kingdom before the revolution, it can be seen that the kingdom was formally part of the Empire of Austria. Based on the Article of the year nineteen seventy, it was stipulated that the regnum independence with a separate Monarchy. The Empire of Austria had never lawfully included the Kingdom of Hungary. The policy was consistent with both public and constitutional law as discussed. The government of the Hungary Kingdom could be in a position of preserving a separate and independent budget since the begging of the personal union from 1527.The Hungarian budget was after the revolution of 1848 to 1849. The budget was independent too. Despite all these, the Kingdom of Hungary maintained its customs borders. The borders separated the Hungarian Kingdom from the other parts of the Habsburg ruled territories. The union had made a consent/agreement customs union between the Austrian and Hungarian where they were to negotiate in every ten years. The contracts were also renewed and signed by Budapest and Vienna at the end of every ten years since both countries hoped to get mutual economic benefit from their relationship (Fromkin, pp.11-16). Austria-Hungary also declared war on Serbia on July twenty-eight in the year 1914. Austria-Hungary made a step further to mobilize for plan B against Belgrade. There was the need for the warring governments to defend and explain their decision, with the Germans publishing a first set of diplomatic papers in early August. The propaganda machinery of the government supported the decisions that

Service Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Service Marketing - Essay Example From the report it is clear that a service is an activity or benefit that one party can offer to another which is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything. In the goods continuum the distinction between products and services is far from clear as one traverses from tangibility to intangibility. The lack of distinction is particularly prominent mid way through this continuum where tangibility and intangibility may gel indistinguishably. However the fact remains that the tangibility dimension of the offering is a critical distinction and can identify a service offering. For instance, in a hotel stay once the stay has been completed nothing tangible is left with customer for preservation except experience, hence hotel stay is a typical person processing service offering. This study stresses that services are not physical. They can neither be possessed nor seen or felt. The tangible indicators of service are few, if any, and they are not good enough indicators to reduce consumer uncertainty. This increases the work of service marketers who must diligently determine how to effectively communicate the service process and the final outcome the consumer will receive -most importantly the quality. The production of the services can't be separated from its consumption. For instance, the production and consumption of a medical examination happen together. One can not store services for future use.

Lab Scale Preparation of Gypsum Wallboard

Lab Scale Preparation of Gypsum Wallboard STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PROPOSED RESEARCH (State succinctly the problem which is to be addressed. Clearly outline the importance of the problem, the originality of the approach and the impact it may have on the field if successful. Give an overview of the broader significance as well as the immediate impact of this research.) The main purpose of this research is to create a gypsum wallboard with enhanced fire resistant property. Gypsum owns a property of combined water content, is a noncombustible and acts as effective fire proofing material. When heat from fire comes in contact with a plaster wall (or gypsum wallboard), it begins to lose combined water as steam thus making the hemihydrate form of gypsum (stucco) rehydrated and it reverts back to dihydrate. Wide range requirements such as fire resistant, increase moisture resistant can be achieved by the use of different calcining methods and additives. The wide applicability of gypsum is in construction. It is also used in the chemical industries In producing the fire resistant gypsum wallboards, the various properties of GWB like thermal, physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics are to be studied which plays a major role in controlling the spread of fire in buildings. Gypsum wallboard consists mainly of gypsum i.e. calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO4.2H2O. Calcium sulfate in nature is mostly available in two forms: Calcium sulfate dihydrate is commonly referred as gypsum, which is one of the oldest construction materials. It naturally occurs in sedimentary deposits from ancient sea beds. The most distinguishing feature of Gypsum is that it is moderately soluble in water at room temperature and exhibits a special feature of retrograde solubility i.e. gypsum becomes less soluble at elevated temperatures. Another form of calcium sulfate is the calcium sulfate anhydrite. At a temperature of 58 ËÅ ¡C Gypsum and Anhydrite coexist, also the anhydrite exhibits the strong retrograde property but it does not revert back to gypsum as its solubility decreases with increasing temperature. Gypsum wallboard is used to make interior walls and ceilings in residential and commercial applications that often require specific fire rated assemblies. Various types of gypsum wallboard are manufactured, with the most common variety and specialized varieties such as fire resistant, water resistant, and plaster lath. Combination of beta hemihydrates stucco, water and other additives form slurry which is used in the manufacture of the gypsum wallboard. Additives such as asphalt emulsion, vermiculite, chopped fiberglass and paper fiber impart to the wallboard characteristics such as water resistance, fire resistance and strength. The fire resistance property is mainly attributed to the absorption of energy related with the loss of hydrate water going from the dihydrate (CaSo4.2H2O) and from the hemihydrates to the anhydrous form (CaSo4). Impinging heat of gypsum wallboards initially operates to reverse the hydration reaction resulting in controlling the spread of fire and penetration of flame through set gypsum structures. Fire resistance can be achieved by using appropriate additives such as fiber, glass textile fibers, vermiculite, which expands when heated, which acts against the gypsum shrinkage. Because of its worldwide occurrence and huge potential reserves, however its uses are not considered basic to survival in a national emergency, gypsum is not considered a strategic mineral. This has permitted natural economic factors to prevail in the development of the mineral worldwide, which overall is a healthy situation that should continue to prevail. PLAN OF PROCEDURE (Outline the initial approach to the problem and its feasibility. Point out innovative features, relate it to previous work including pertinent references, and indicate how this plan may contribute to the solution of the broader problem proposed.) Gypsum manufacturing process consists of three main steps (1) rock preparation, (2) calcining and (3) formulating and manufacturing. Though we start with buying the gypsum material from one of the providers so the next important step ahead is the calcination process. Gypsum is usually referred to be CaSO4.2H2O. Calcium sulfate dIiydrate undergoes calcination to form hemihydrate (CaSO41/2H2O) or anhydrous form (CaSO4). Initially the calcination process was achieved by heating the raw gypsum material in an open environment, later on with the development in science calcination was achieved by heating the gypsum material in a kiln. Kinetic studies of calcination process plays an important role in determining the gypsum product parameters. We are interested in knowing the time, temperature and rate at which the calcination process can be achieved. Initially a small amount of the gypsum material is taken and X- Ray diffraction studies are conducted on it to know its composition i.e. CaSO4. 2H2O or CaSO41/2 H2O or CaSO4 .Later after determining the form of gypsum material, thermogravimetric studies (used for the determination of weight change at different temperatures and time) are conducted on the CaSO4.2H2O to determine the temperature and time required to convert from dihydrate form to hemihydrate and anhydrite form. Again the obtained product is first subjected to XRD and SEM studies to investigate the state of gypsum i.e. dihydrate, hemihydrate or anhydrous form. This can be studied by interpreting the obtained results with the earlier established results. Later gypsum powder is subjected to different temperatures at different time intervals to determine the time and temperature required for the calcination process to finish by using Thermogravimetric Analysis Instrument also Differential Scanning Calorimetry (which determines the melting and boiling temperatures) studies are also conducted to know the melting temperatures of the product Until now the calcination process is studied by using a very small amount of the sample in a laboratory environment, the obtained results from these experiments is used to correlate with the calcination process which is done in hot air oven by using a large amount of samples. The temperature obtained from the thermogravimetric studies is used as basis for the calcination process in hot air oven. These studies are done to know the reproducibility for large scale samples. This encompasses the first step in our research. The importance of these kinetic studies related to calcination is very useful to determine the conditions for achieving the hemi hydride from calcium sulfate which undergoes rehydration process i.e is addition of water molecules to the hemi hydride form to form the gypsum wallboard. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO41/2H2O) or Calcium sulfate anhydrite (CaSO4) undergoes rehydration in the presence of water. Rehydration plays an important role as it allows to add the additives such as glass material, vermiculite etc. to the slurry which is referred as stucco. Chemically stucco is referred as the hemihydrate form of CaSO4. These additives are added to increase the fire resistant property in addition to the strength of the wallboards. The kinetic studies related to the rehydration process are studied similar to the calcination step. These kinetic studies gives us scope for better understanding the process of gypsum wallboard. i.e the amount of water required for rehydration and also the amount of additives that can be added to the gypsum mixture to retain the chemical stability of the gypsum composition required for the wallboard manufacturing. Similar to the first step this step is studied for the time, temperature and rate of reaction in the open environment and later in the laboratory environment by using kettle. In the kettle the hemihydrate and hydride forms of calcium are reacted with the water and the obtained product is subjected to the XRD and SEM studies to determine the state of product. This is the second step in our research. The final step in our research is the lab scale preparation of gypsum wallboard which involves the dihydrate form of calcium sulfate react with the sufficient amount of water to form slurry. Theoretically about 18.6 parts of water is required to react with the 100 parts of gypsum but to get a slurry, excess of water (about 80 to 85 parts) is reacted with 100 parts of gypsum. In this step water along with 10-30 wt. % of starch such as corn starch is added to obtain milk of starch. Next about 0.1 -1.5 wt.% of amolytic enzyme such as ÃŽ ± amylase based on the starch is added and heated to the decomposition point of the starch with stirring. After the heating is stopped enzyme deactivating agent based on the starch is added in the range of 0.8 to 1.0 wt. % and mixed with water to obtain a starch paste. To the prepared starch material the calcination product is added along with water and vermiculite, glass materials which improve the fire resistance property of the gypsum wallboard. This mixture is agitated in slow motion to obtain a slurry. This slurry form of gypsum is poured into a paper sheets such as paper boards. The edges of the paper is folded upwards to retain the slurry form of gypsum. The other end of the product is covered with another paper material which helps to retain the structure of the gypsum board. This mixture is subjected to heating by using hot air press which is useful to remove the excess water and to obtain a specific structure of the gypsum board. This process is continued until all the excess water is removed. It is dried in the temperature range of 50 ËÅ ¡C-200 ËÅ ¡C. Starch paste such as denatured starch and dextrin is used as an auxiliary adhesive to prevent calcination of the crystal of gypsum dihydrate and dehydrated to give a gypsum hemihydrate in drying at high temperatures. Also to prevent separation of the gypsum core member from both paper board, hardening modifier are added to the raw material of the gypsum core member. It is effective that starch paste along with water in the gypsum core member and both paper boards migrate during drying at high temperatures, and cover the crystal of gypsum dihydrate due to water retention capability of the starch paste which developed into the fiber of the paper boards so as to prevent the calcination and dehydration of the crystals. The obtained wallboard is subjected to different analytical techniques such as Thermogravimetric analysis, Thermomechanical analysis, XRD, SEM and Differential scanning calorimetry as discussed in the calcination and rehydration step. BUDGET AND BUDGET JUSTIFICATION LAB SCALE PREPARATION OF GYPSUM WALLBOARD: Materials and supplies: A minimum of 50 pounds of raw gypsum is required to make the gypsum wallboard and test its fire resistant property by adding the additives such as starch, dextrose, glass fibers. Initially a wallboard is made without adding any additives and for that about 5 pounds of the powder is used and tested for its properties. Similarly by adding the additives wallboard are made and tested for its properties. If the properties observed are similar to the standard fire resistant properties, variations in the additives is done and another wallboard is made to test for its fire resistant property. This procedure is followed until a wallboard with improved fire resistance is observed. REFERENC5 ASTM C1396/C1396 M-01. Standard specifications for gypsum board. ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, 2001. Yu, L.; Brouwers, J.H. Thermal properties and microstructure of gypsum board and its dehydration products: A theoretical and experimental investigation. Fire mater.2012, 36,575-589. Baux,C.; Melinge , Y.; Lanos , C.; Jauberthie,, R. Enhanced gypsum board panels for fire protection. J. Mater civil eng. 2008, 20, 71-77. Isa, K.; Oruno, H. Thermal decomposition of calcium sulfate dehydrate under self-generated atmosphere.Bull. Chem.Soc.Jpn. 1982, 55, 3733-3737. Borrachero, M.V.; Paya, J.; Bonilla,M.; Monzo, J. The use of Thermogravimetric analysis technique for the characterization of construction materials-The gypsum case. J.Therm.Anal.Cal.2008, 91, 503-509. Anderson, L.; Jannson, B. Analytical fire design with gypsum: Atheoretical and experimental study. Lund, Institute of Fire Safety design, 1987. Green, G.W,; Sundberg, D.G. Fire resistant gypsum- core wallboard. U.S.Patent 3,616,173.1971. Freyer, D.; Voigt.W. Crystallization and phase stability of CaSO4 and CaSO4 based salts. Monatsch chem.2003, 134, 693-719. Sultan, M.A.; Roy, P. Gypsum board fall off temperature in floor assemblies exposed to standard fires. 11th International fire science engineering conference, London, UK, 2007, 979-991. Thomas,G. Thermal properties of gypsum plaster board at high temperatures. Fire mater, 2006, 26, 37-45. Benichou, N.; Sultan, M.A. Thermal properties of light weight framed construction components at elevated temperatures. Fire Mater.2007, 31, 425-442. Wakili, G.k.; Hugi, E. Four types of gypsum plaster boards and their Thermophysical properties under fire condition. J.Fire Sci. 2009, 27, 27-43. Beard, A.; Carvel, R. The hand book of tunnel fire safety, ed.; Thomas Telford publishing; Heron Quay, London, 2005. Elliott, C. Plaster of Paris Technology. Chem. Trade J. 1923, 72, 725-726. Manzello, S.L.; Gann, R.G.; Kukkuck, S.R.; Lenhert,D.B. Influence of gypsum board type (X or C) on real fire performance of assemblies. Fire Mater.2007, 31,425-442. BUDGET AND BUDGET JUSTIFICATION 1

Prevention :: Environmental Economy Chemicals Essays

Prevention Prevention entails keeping all cleaning agents, gasoline, paints, glues, thinners, and other household products in locked or inaccessible cabinets. These products should never be used in closed spaces, and areas should be extensively aired out after product use. Even with adequate room ventilation, it is probably prudent to avoid exposing children altogether (see case 4, below). Tell parents to avoid bringing children to nail salons and to keep children out of newly remodeled rooms that may be off-gassing solvents from carpet and wallpaper glues. Dry-cleaning should be aired out in the yard or an open garage for one day before being brought into the house, and car windows should be open when transporting freshly dry-cleaned clothes. w). As in the home, art supplies used at school should be nontoxic. "Acceptable Children's Art and Craft Materials," a list of 2,500 nontoxic art materials, is available from the California Department of Health Services.34 Clinicians must be alert to pare nts who might be exposing their children to solvents in the home though a number of hobbies, including silk-screening, furniture restoration, model building, and illegal drug labs (an increasing problem in certain communities).35 Finally, children should be screened during the well-child interview for any drug abuse, including the use of "legal" substances such as solvents. The best way to dispose of solvents is to use them up as intended. Otherwise, solvents should be treated as hazardous waste and disposed through a licensed hazardous waste handler.36 † The interesting thing about this advice to try to avoid any contact with chemicals in our life is that it is impossible. If a breast fed baby is not able to avoid toxins, none of us are. For a day, I made a point to read the labels of products I used and food I ate. I found that most of the ingredients I could not pronounce and had no idea why it was in the product or what it did. I also learned that most of what I use and consume contains either high fructose corn syrup or sodium laureth sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfate. I do not think that is necessarily good but I only hope it isn’t really bad. From Now with Bill Moyers, transcript: MOYERS: Of the 3000 or so high production volume chemicals in use in this country today only 43% have been even minimally tested. Only about 10 percent have been thoroughly tested to examine their potential effects on body part was getting set up on that day of development.